The difference between Calendar and Day
When used as nouns, calendar means any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years, whereas day means any period of 24 hours.
When used as verbs, calendar means to set a date for a proceeding in court, usually done by a judge at a calendar call, whereas day means to spend a day (in a place).
check bellow for the other definitions of Calendar and Day
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Calendar as a noun:
Any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.
Examples:
"The three principal calendars are the Gregorian, Jewish, and Islamic calendars."
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Calendar as a noun:
A means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information.
Examples:
"Write his birthday on the calendar hanging on the wall."
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Calendar as a noun:
A list of planned events.
Examples:
"The club has a busy calendar this year."
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Calendar as a noun:
An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule.
Examples:
"a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court"
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Calendar as a noun (US):
An appointment book (US), appointment diary (UK)
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Calendar as a verb (legal):
To set a date for a proceeding in court, usually done by a judge at a calendar call.
Examples:
"The judge agreed to calendar a hearing for pretrial motions for the week of May 15, but did not agree to calendar the trial itself on a specific date."
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Calendar as a verb:
To enter or write in a calendar; to register.
Examples:
"rfquotek Waterhouse"
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Day as a noun:
Any period of 24 hours.
Examples:
"I've been here for two days and a bit."
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Day as a noun:
A period from midnight to the following midnight.
Examples:
"The day begins at midnight."
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Day as a noun (astronomy):
Rotational period of a planet (especially Earth).
Examples:
"A day on Mars is slightly over 24 hours."
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Day as a noun:
The part of a day period which one spends at one's job, school, etc.
Examples:
"I worked two days last week."
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Day as a noun:
Part of a day period between sunrise and sunset where one enjoys daylight; daytime.
Examples:
"'day and night;  I work at night and sleep during the day."
"ant night"
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Day as a noun:
A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time.
Examples:
"Every dog has its day."
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Day as a noun:
A period of contention of a day or less.
Examples:
"The day belonged to the Allies."
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Day as a noun (meteorology):
A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.
Examples:
"Your 8am forecast: The high for the day will be 30 and the low, before dawn, will be 10."
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Day as a verb (rare, intransitive):
To spend a day (in a place).