The difference between Reserve and Substitute
When used as nouns, reserve means the act of reserving or keeping back, whereas substitute means a replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.
When used as verbs, reserve means to keep back, whereas substitute means to use in place of something else, with the same function.
check bellow for the other definitions of Reserve and Substitute
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Reserve as a noun (behaviour):
Restriction. The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
Examples:
"The book is on reserve."
"I accept your view with one reserve."
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Reserve as a noun (Canada):
That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use. A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US .) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency. Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements. A reserve price in an auction. Wine held back and aged before being sold.
Examples:
"New oil reserves are continuously being discovered, but not as fast as the existing ones are running out."
"the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio was originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut."
"the Clergy Reserves in Canada are for the support of the clergy."
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Reserve as a noun (social):
Something initially kept back for later use in a recreation. A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates. A group or pile of cards dealt out at the beginning of a patience or solitaire game to be used during play.
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Reserve as a noun:
In exhibitions, a distinction indicating that the recipient will get a prize in the event of another person being disqualified.
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Reserve as a noun (calico printing):
A resist.
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Reserve as a noun:
A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.
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Reserve as a verb:
To keep back; to retain.
Examples:
"We reserve the right to make modifications."
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Reserve as a verb:
To keep in store for future or special use.
Examples:
"This cake is reserved for the guests!"
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Reserve as a verb:
To book in advance; to make a reservation.
Examples:
"I reserved a table for us at the best restaurant in town."
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Reserve as a verb (obsolete):
To make an exception of; to except.
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Substitute as a verb (transitive):
To use in place of something else, with the same function.
Examples:
"I had no shallots so I substituted onion."
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Substitute as a verb (transitive):
In the phrase "substitute X for Y", to use X in place of Y. With increasing frequency used in the semantically opposite sense (see [http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/193079?isAdvanced=false&result=3&rskey=zYLG08&#eid20118763 the OED's notes]).
Examples:
"I had to substitute new parts for the old ones."
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Substitute as a verb (transitive):
In the phrase "substitute X with/by Y", to use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y
Examples:
"I had to substitute old parts with the new ones.'' (<small>This usage was formerly proscribed.</small>)"
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Substitute as a verb (transitive, sports):
To remove (a player) from the field of play and bring on another in his place.
Examples:
"He was playing poorly and was substituted after twenty minutes"
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Substitute as a verb (intransitive):
To serve as a replacement (for someone or something)
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Substitute as a noun:
A replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.
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Substitute as a noun (sports):
A player who is available to replace another if the need arises, and who may or may not actually do so.
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Substitute as a noun (historical):
One who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript.