The difference between Obvious and Transparent

When used as adjectives, obvious means easily discovered, seen, or understood, whereas transparent means see-through, clear.

check bellow for the other definitions of Obvious and Transparent

Obvious as an adjective:

Easily discovered, seen, or understood; self-explanatory.

Transparent as an adjective (of a material or object):

See-through, clear; having the property that light passes through it almost undisturbed, such that one can see through it clearly.

Examples:

"The waters of the lake were transparent until the factory dumped waste there."
Transparent as an adjective (of a system or organization):

Open, public; having the property that theories and practices are publicly visible, thereby reducing the chance of corruption.
Transparent as an adjective:

Obvious; readily apparent; easy to see or understand.

Examples:

"His reasons for the decision were transparent."
Transparent as an adjective (signal processing):

Having the property of transparency, i.e. sufficiently accurate that the compressed result is perceptually indistinguishable from the uncompressed input.