The difference between Down in the dumps and Melancholy
When used as adjectives, down in the dumps means sad, whereas melancholy means affected with great sadness or depression.
Melancholy is also noun with the meaning: black bile, formerly thought to be one of the four "cardinal humours" of animal bodies.
check bellow for the other definitions of Down in the dumps and Melancholy
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Down in the dumps as an adjective (idiomatic):
Sad; lacking engagement or enthusiasm.
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Melancholy as an adjective (literary):
Affected with great sadness or depression.
Examples:
"'Melancholy people don't talk much."
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Melancholy as a noun (historical):
Black bile, formerly thought to be one of the four "cardinal humours" of animal bodies.
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Melancholy as a noun:
Great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.